Product

Base Oil is produced by means of refining crude oil. This means that crude oil is heated in order that various distillates can be separated from one another. During the heating process, light and heavy hydrocarbons are separated – the light ones can be refined to make petrol and other fuels, while the heavier ones are suitable for bitumen (asphalt) and base oils (de-asphalted oil)^[1] (Fig. 1).

Figure 1 - How is deasphalted oil obtained in the oil refinery^[2].

Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. Different products require different compositions and properties in the oil. One of the most important factors is the liquid’s viscosity at various temperatures. Whether or not a crude oil is suitable to be made into a base Oil is determined by the concentration of base oil molecules as well as how easily these can be extracted. Additives are added to the base oil in order to meet the quality requirements for the end products in terms of, for example, friction and cleaning properties. Certain types of motor oils contain more than 20% additives^[1].

References

1. Wikipedia, Base oil.
2. Dr. Semih Eser, FSC 432 - Petroleum Processing, Processing and Conversion of Vacuum Distillation Residue, PennState - College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.