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Aniline
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Chemicals
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Functional Organic Products
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Amines
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Description

Aniline is the simplest aromatic amine with the formula C6H5NH2, consisting of a benzene ring (phenyl group) directly attached to an amino group (-NH₂). This structure makes it an electron-rich aromatic compound that readily participates in electrophilic substitution reactions. Like most volatile Amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds.

Aniline is primarily produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene:

C₆H₅NO₂ + 3 H₂ → C₆H₅NH₂ + 2 H₂O

  • Nitration: Benzene is nitrated with concentrated HNO₃/H₂SO₄ to produce nitrobenzene
  • Hydrogenation: Nitrobenzene is reduced using metal catalysts (Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt) at 200-300°C
  • Annual Production: Approximately 4 billion kg globally

Aniline is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to isocyanates polyurethane (via intermediate isocyanates, i.e. MDI), dyes, and other industrial chemicals.

References

  1. Wikipedia. Aniline.
  2. EVONIK. Anilines.
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Anaylin molecular structure and description https://www.linkedin.com/in/baouch-zakarya/
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  UserPic *Aniline Aniline and aniline hydrochloride 9/30/2025
  UserPic Aniline Hydrochloride Aniline Chloride Density 10/27/2021
  UserPic *Aniline Aniline Specific Gravity 10/27/2021
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Unit of Measure
Metric Ton
Physical State

Liquid

Building Block / Value Chain Info
Value Chain-I
Benzene
Value Chain-II
Nitrogen
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Modified by UserPic  Kokel, Nicolas 9/30/2025 2:49 PM
Added 10/27/2021 5:55 AM
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Production Analysis
Global Production