Technology Type

A substation is an electrical installation that transforms voltage levels and serves as a control point in the power grid, containing the following key components:

Main Equipment

• Power transformers for voltage conversion
• Circuit breakers for system protection
• Switches for power flow control
• Bus systems for power distribution
• Protective relays and control equipment

Primary Functions

• Steps voltage up for transmission (step-up substations)
• Steps voltage down for distribution (step-down substations)
• Controls and routes power flow
• Provides system protection and isolation
• Monitors power quality and system performance

Voltage Levels

• Transmission substations: 230kV-765kV
• Sub-transmission substations: 69kV-138kV
• Distribution substations: 4kV-35kV

Substations serve as critical nodes in the electrical grid, enabling efficient power transfer between transmission and distribution systems while maintaining system reliability and safety through monitoring and control functions.