Rosneft Deutschland GmbH (RDG) is the German downstream subsidiary of PJSC Rosneft, Russia's state-controlled oil major. It is Germany's third-largest crude oil-processing company by capacity, holding stakes in three refineries that collectively account for approximately 12.7 million tonness per year of oil refining capacity, or 12% of Germany's total refining capacity as of May 18, 2026) (Rosneft Deutschland corporate website).
Via its subsidiary RN Refining & Marketing GmbH (crude supply and product marketing), it has historically been responsible for approximately one quarter of all crude oil imports into Germany.
The company is currently under indefinite German state trusteeship (Bundesnetzagentur), from 28 February 2026.
Refinery Portfolio
RDG's core function is to supply its three refineries with crude oil and to market the resulting petroleum products.
PCK Schwedt is strategically the most critical asset: it supplies the majority of fuel to Berlin and Brandenburg, and is described as a residue-free refinery — the last unconvertible crude fractions are converted to electrical energy. It has historically depended on Druzhba pipeline crude for the bulk of its supply, first Russian and then Kazakh. MiRO Karlsruhe is Germany's largest single refinery. Bayernoil (Vohburg/Neustadt) supplies Bavaria and northern Austria.
| Refinery |
Location |
RDG Stake
(%) |
Total Capacity
(Mt/yr) |
RDG Net Share
(Mt/yr) |
| PCK Schwedt |
Schwedt/Oder, Brandenburg |
54.17 |
11.5 |
6.2 |
MiRO
(Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein) |
Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg |
24.00 |
15.0 |
3.6 |
| Bayernoil |
Vohburg/Neustadt
a.d. Donau, Bavaria |
28.57 |
10.3 |
2.9 |
Products & Commercial Activity
RDG markets the full spectrum of refined products from its three refineries across Germany:
German State Trusteeship — Timeline
The trusteeship of RDG is the most consequential regulatory intervention in the German downstream sector since World War II.
The structure is deliberately designed to avoid formal expropriation — Rosneft retains legal ownership while being stripped of operational and voting control — specifically to limit Rosneft's grounds for international arbitration claims.
| Date |
Event |
| 16 Sep 2022 |
Bundesnetzagentur appointed fiduciary manager of RDG and RN Refining & Marketing GmbH under the Energy Security Act (EnSiG), following Russia's invasion of Ukraine |
| Sep 2022 – Feb 2026 |
Trusteeship renewed every six months (6 renewals total), each creating uncertainty over PCK Schwedt's supply continuity |
| 19 Feb 2026 |
European Commission approves a new indefinite trusteeship structure under EU merger control rules; Rosneft shareholders barred from exercising voting rights for its duration |
| 28 Feb 2026 |
Germany formally places RDG and RN Refining & Marketing under permanent Bundesnetzagentur control — the regulator assumes authority over the companies' stakes in all three refineries |
| May 2026 |
Rosneft files new legal action against the German government over PCK Schwedt |
